What is a cooling tower?
A cooling tower or cooling tower is a device that is used to remove the heat of water. By evaporating water, cooling towers capture the heat in the fluid and cool it down, reducing the temperature of the water to the wet temperature of the environment. The heat of incoming hot water is easily transferred to the passing air stream through the evaporation process and the water temperature drops, and the important thing is that fiberglass cooling towers in Sharjah areas do not perform well because their work is based on evaporative cooling. not suitable.
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History of the cooling tower
Cooling systems have undergone tremendous changes over time and have been designed and produced in different types. At first, these devices were produced after the Great French Revolution, and they were called atmospheric or hand-made cooling towers, and the operation of these towers was as follows. It was that the flow of water was poured naturally on the wood and cooling was done, and later the body of this cooling tower was made of concrete, and due to the high costs of building these towers, the next generation of cooling towers were They were designed and made galvanized.
After some time, due to sedimentation, corrosion and hard repairs, this model was discontinued and now the number of manufacturers of galvanized cooling towers is decreasing, the fan and propeller system of these towers is centrifugal, and the next generation cooling tower, which Fiberglass cooling towers are now being built. Initially, the fiberglass cooling towers were circular and due to the high water wastage in this type of cooling tower, they are used less often, and the next generation fiberglass cooling tower is a cubic one, which, with a drip trap, prevents a large amount of water from being wasted. prevents.
Types of cooling towers
In this part, we want to talk about the types of cooling towers that make it easier for us to choose the type of cooling tower based on the conditions. The first step is to look at its geometric shape, which is in two cubic and circular models, and these two types are different from each other. as it is clear from the names of these two models, their main difference is in the appearance of the towers, which are round and square, but these two towers also have differences in some parts, which can be attributed to the way of spraying water. He pointed out on the packing level. To get more information in this field, you can go to the cooling tower types page and check the differences between these two models.
Division of cooling tower
For a better understanding of the cooling tower, a comprehensive classification of cooling towers is given below.
Cooling tower in terms of performance:
- Wet cooling tower
- Dry cooling tower
- Dual wet and dry cooling tower
Cooling tower in terms of water circulation circuit:
- Closed circuit cooling tower
- Open circuit cooling tower
In terms of flow:
- Counterflow cooling towers
- Cross flow cooling towers
- Flow towers on one side
- Stream towers from both sides
- Towers flow from four sides
In terms of air flow:
- Natural flow cooling tower
- Mechanical flow cooling tower
- Suction flow cooling tower
- Air flow cooling tower
- Natural and mechanical flow cooling tower
Cooling tower by gender:
- Cooling tower with fiberglass structure
- Cooling tower with metal structure
- Cooling tower with wooden structure
- Cooling tower with concrete structure
Determining the capacity of the fiberglass cooling tower for cooling systems
To determine the capacity of the base cooling tower, the flow of water in the circulation of the refrigeration system is usually considered 3 gpm for each ton of refrigeration for compression chillers and 3.5 gpm for each ton of refrigeration for absorption chillers, but in the method More simply, for compression systems, the nominal capacity of the tower is considered equal to the capacity of the compression system, that is, for a compression chiller, 100 tons, the cooling tower is 100 tons. The ton of the cooling tower is considered to be 200 tons.
Design and construction of cooling tower
Cooling towers are designed according to the type of industry and project conditions. A number of industries that have specific performance conditions are mentioned below.
Air conditioning industries, power plant industries
Refinery industries, petrochemical industries
Steel, aluminum, copper industries, lead and zinc industries
Chemical industries, mining industries
Sugar and sugar industries, food industries including canning, paste, fruit juice, oil, etc.
Plastic industries, rubber industries
and other light and heavy industries
Below, we will examine the dependence of industries on the cooling tower in more detail.
In addition, one of the things that has a significant impact on the design and construction of the cooling tower is the different conditions of the environment and the project, and some of these things are mentioned below.
Waters with high hardness and sedimentation, waters with high corrosiveness
Waters containing fat and oil Waters containing syrup and sticky and edible substances
Waters containing fibers and solid materials and wastewaters are corrosive waters with high sediment
Clear waters and environments with dust
All types of cooling tower service
In many cases, the major repairs of the cooling tower and the correct troubleshooting make the conditions similar to the first day or even better. Getting to know the science of cooling towers and how to choose the right parts for it is one of the most important things that Payam Sarma company can help you with.
- Increasing the capacity, optimizing and renovating the large cooling tower in chemical industries, refineries, etc.
- Replacement and construction of fiberglass body in metal or asbestos-coated cooling towers
- Replacement of anti-fouling packings with the ability to wash in the wooden cooling tower, as well as reducing splashes and drops outside the cooling tower.
The above measures are part of the services that Payam Sarma company is ready to provide with the presence of its experienced experts
Compensating water calculation of fiberglass cooling tower
Compensating water calculation is the amount of water that must be added to the fiberglass cooling tower to prevent sedimentation of the tower and increase the thermal efficiency. will be short
This water is added to compensate for the lack of water resulting from the three processes of evaporating water in the cooling tower for cooling purposes, throwing water drops out of the tower, and splashing water in the pan.
The difference between cubic and circular cooling tower
Today’s cooling tower will be made in two forms, cubic and circular, now with a simple survey, you can understand which type of cooling tower is suitable for us and we will examine their differences, in addition to the cubic and circular cooling tower in The appearance is different from each other and there are differences in other cases that we want to check.
- A water spray nozzle is used in a cubic cooling tower, but a sprinkler or water dispenser is used in a circular one
- In circular towers, due to the lack of drip catcher, the rate of water wastage is high, but in the cubic type, with the presence of this part, a high percentage of water is prevented from being sucked out of the cooling tower by the fan.
Cubic and circular fiberglass cooling tower components
In the following, a brief description of the parts used in the cooling tower, as well as functional specifications, will be provided for further familiarization.
Fiberglass cooling tower structure and body
The parts of the structure and body of the fiberglass cooler, including the cold water basin, columns, frame louvers, body panels and fan deck of the cooling tower, are made of composite materials.
Cooling tower packing
Evaporation surfaces or cooling tower packing is considered the most important part for heat exchange or in other words the heart of the cooling tower. The choice of cooling tower packing is based on water quality, type of industry and pollution of the surrounding environment. For example, if the water quality is high (hard less than 120ppm) and also the low level of environmental pollution, Film Fill packing is used.
Axial fan
A fan is used to pass air through the packing of the cooling tower. In the cooling towers, an axial fan with fiberglass blades (FRP) with an aerodynamic section of Airfoil and a hot galvanized hub is used. Reinforced anti-wear.
Water spray nozzle
One of the parts that has a direct impact on the efficiency of the cubic fiberglass cooling tower is the water distribution nozzles. Anti-clogging nozzles with a square spray section are used in the cubic cooling tower to distribute and spray water. These nozzles can only be used in the cubic fiberglass cooling tower model.
drip catcher
Drip traps are used only in fiberglass cube cooling towers. The task of these drip traps is to remove water droplets from the cooling tower that are thrown out of the device through the fan. Drip traps play a major role in saving water consumption in the cooling tower. And choosing them correctly helps this issue significantly.
Air inlet louver
The louver is installed in the air inlet to the cooling tower and is used to prevent water from splashing out of the device, to prevent dust from entering the device, and to prevent direct sunlight from hitting the cold water in the pond.
The price of the cooling tower
The price difference in the cooling tower between the manufacturers of this product is not based on competition, but based on the quality and consumables of the tower. Sometimes the price difference between the two manufacturers has doubled, and by thinking about this issue, we can understand that this price difference is only due to The reason is the quality of the product and consumables.
Example: a manufacturer offers the price of a cooling tower for 250 tons of refrigeration to one hundred million tomans and another manufacturer offers the same tonnage of refrigeration for sixty million tomans. What was the origin of this price difference can be found with a simple calculation. The only reason for this price difference is the quality of the product. To get more information about the price of the cooling tower, click on the blue link to go to the page. Check the price of the cooling tower and get more information.
Application of cooling tower in industry
Cooling towers have many applications in the industry. One of the industries that is highly dependent on cooling towers and chillers is the plastic industry, or plastic injection. Closed plastic has proper cooling with the desired water temperature of the injection machine, therefore, cooling towers can guarantee this quality by determining the appropriate capacity, another advantage of the cooling tower for plastic injection machines is the increase in the number of production, the faster the mold is cooled, the number The output of the device increases.
Other industries that require the use of cooling towers include metal smelting such as copper, aluminum, cast iron, steel, etc. Cooling towers are used in many industries such as petrochemicals, refineries, alcohol production, power plants, food canning industries, etc. He used paste, jam, etc.
Dairy industry is also one of the industries related to cooling towers and chillers, both in the production sector and in the storage and maintenance sector.
These types of towers work better in cities with low air humidity, such as Yazd, Kerman, Isfahan, etc.
Closed circuit cooling tower
In some cases, the purpose of using a cooling tower is to cool oil, alcohol, distilled water, etc., and these materials must be cooled in a closed cycle. In a closed circuit cooling tower , a coil is loaded in the cooling tower. The fluid circulates in it and is cooled by the water that is sprayed from the nozzles. The coils are often made of copper (because of the high heat transfer coefficient) and in some cases these coils are made of galvanized or steel. to be
Application of cooling tower in commercial, residential and office centers
The dependence of water-cooled chillers (absorption and compression) on the cooling tower is undeniable. Sometimes there are complexes that still use water-cooled chillers to cool the used space, and these chillers are used to cool the condenser from the cooling tower. This is why they are named water-cooled chillers. In new refrigeration systems, air is used to cool the condenser due to the lack of water, but there are still offices and complexes that use water-cooled chillers and are willing to replace them. Chillers are not wiki, one of the reasons that prevent them from doing this work is the high costs of chillers.
Solving the cooling tower clogging problem
The cooling tower sometimes becomes clogged with sediment , which can have reasons that we will examine. One of the reasons for the high hardness of the water entering the cooling tower is that in some cities the hardness of the water is so high that to prevent They use hardeners for sedimentation. The job of these hardeners is to prevent solutes from entering the tower. The next and important reason for sedimentation in the cooling tower is the use of inappropriate nozzles when the water is not sprayed regularly and uniformly. The parts of the packing that do not have a proper water spray get clogged with sediment. This incomplete spray can be due to low water pressure or the use of an inappropriate water spray nozzle.
Tips to prevent freezing of the cooling tower in winter
One of the problems that the cooling tower may encounter in the winter is the freezing of water, which has solutions. A cooling tower that is always working will not freeze, but when the cooling tower is off, the water inside The pan is frozen, and to prevent this problem, industrial antifreezes based on propylene glycol and ethylene glycol should be used. The difference between these two substances is their toxicity and non-toxicity. Propylene glycol is non-toxic and is used in cases that are directly in contact with humans. It works, but ethylene glycol is poisonous and is used most of the time when it has no direct connection with humans, so there is no problem in using both to prevent freezing of cooling tower water.
Power plant cooling tower
Power plant cooling towers are generally made of concrete and in the categories of cooling towers, they are placed in the category of natural flow, that is, the air flow is drawn into the cooling tower without the intervention of any tool. These towers are used to cool water in the summer. It is suitable up to a temperature of 20 to 30 degrees. The exact number of the temperature of the water coming out of the cooling tower is related to the climate of the region. For example, in cities like Yazd, Kerman, Isfahan and similar provinces, the cold water temperature will be up to 20 degrees Celsius. But in cities with high humidity, it is not possible to achieve this water temperature with the cooling tower of the power plant. In cooling towers, the higher the air humidity, the cooling tower performance decreases.
Hybrid cooling tower
To increase the efficiency and reduce the water wastage of the cooling tower, an air-cooled cooling tower or a hybrid cooling tower should be used. but they do not have the efficiency of water-cooled closed circuit cooling towers, in the hybrid cooling tower, two models are used for fluid cooling, in the upper part where the fluid enters the cooling tower, the air-cooled coil will be placed first, and in At the bottom of this coil, there are water transfer pipes and water spray nozzles, and cool water is placed at the end of the coil so that when the fluid temperature of the lower coil rises, it is cooled by water.
Difference between hybrid cooling tower and closed circuit
In the closed circuit cooling tower, there is one coil for cooling, which is cooled by water, but in the hybrid cooling tower, there are two separate coils, which are cooled in two stages by air and water, in the first stage and after the entry of hot fluid. The upper coil of the cooling tower is cooled by air, and in the second stage, when the fluid enters this exchanger, water is sprayed on the coil, which causes cooling.
Introducing Payam Sarma, a cooling tower manufacturer in Mashhad
cccccccc Payam Sarma company is a manufacturer of fiberglass cooling towers in Mashhad, which started working with the aim of producing cooling towers with high efficiency and low depreciation, which is the slogan of this group. This company was established with a strong resume in the production of cooling towers in Mashhad. To contact the company, go to our contact page and contact our experts through one of the communication methods.